♦ Relieving oneself (defecating or urinating), or passing wind.
God, the Exalted, says:
“… or one of you comes after answering the call of nature.” (Surah Al-Maidah: 6)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“The prayer of any of you who is in a state of impurity (hadath) will not be accepted until he performs ablution.”
One man asked Abu Hurairah (رضي الله عنه): What is “hadath”, Abu Hurairah? He said: “Breaking wind.” (Agreed upon)
♦ Urethral discharge or pre-seminal fluid (madhi) and secretion of prostate (wadi).
Ali (رضي الله عنه) said:
“I was a man whose pre-seminal fluid flowed readily. So I requested a man to ask Allah’s Messenger ﷺ about it (in view of his relationship to his daughter). When he asked the Prophet ﷺ, he said: ‘Wash your penis and perform ablution.’” (Reported by Bukhari)
♦ Eating camel’s meat.
Jabir ibn Samurah (رضي الله عنه) narrated that a man asked the Prophet ﷺ:
“‘Should we perform ablution after eating mutton?’ He replied: ‘If you wish perform ablution, otherwise don’t perform it.’ The man asked (again): ‘Should we perform ablution after eating camel’s meat?’ He said: ‘Yes, perform ablution after eating camel’s meat.’ He asked: ‘Can we perform prayer at camel’s rest places?’ He answered: ‘No’.” (Muslim & Ahmad)
♦ Loss of one’s senses or state of unconsciousness resulting from lunacy, epilepsy, fainting, drug or drunkenness, because integrity of the mind is a prerequisite to the validity of Wudoo.
♦ Touching sexual organs (i.e. the penis, vulva or anus) with the exposed palm of the hand.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“If a man touches his penis he should perform Wudoo, and if a woman touches her vulva she should (also) perform Wudoo.” (Reported by Ahmad)
♦ Vomiting.
It was narrated that:
“The Prophet ﷺ vomited and then performed Wudoo.” (Reported by Ahmad)
♦ Excessive bleeding.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever vomits, bleeds through the nose during prayer should perform Wudoo.”
♦ Touching a woman (such as his wife) with desire that leads to pre-seminal discharge
Based on Ibn Abbas’ saying (رضي الله عنه): Semen necessitates having a bath. As for pre-seminal fluid (madhi) and secretion of prostrate (wadi), he said: Wash your penis and perform Wudoo as that for prayer.
♦ Complete sleep (during which one loses consciousness).
Ali (رضي الله عنه) reported Allah’s Messenger ﷺ as saying:
“The eye when awake precludes breaking wind. If anyone sleeps he must perform ablution.”(Reported by Ahmad, Abu Daud & Ibn Majah)
However, drowsiness during which one is still conscious does not invalidate Wudoo.
